AI Reference 028 Classical AI & Machine Learning Wikipedia guided Primary sources linked

Supervised Learning

Definition

Supervised learning trains a model from examples paired with known labels or target values. Classification and regression are common supervised tasks.

What is supervised learning?

Supervised learning trains a model using examples paired with known target outputs. If the target is a category, the task is classification; if the target is a continuous number, the task is usually regression.

A concrete example

To train an image classifier for cats and dogs, a dataset contains images together with labels indicating the correct class. The model predicts a class, a loss function measures the error, and training adjusts model parameters to reduce that error over many examples.

Training is not the same as testing

Useful evaluation requires data that the model did not simply memorize during training. Datasets are therefore commonly separated into training, validation and test portions. The core question is whether the model generalizes to new examples drawn from the intended problem.

Related terms, defined

Classical AI & Machine Learning Unsupervised Learning Supervised learning trains a model from examples paired with known labels or target values. Classification and regression are common supervised tasks. Classical AI & Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence vs Machine Learning Artificial intelligence is the broader field concerned with systems performing tasks associated with intelligent behavior; machine learning is a major subfield in which systems learn patterns from data. Classical AI & Machine Learning Symbolic AI Symbolic AI represents knowledge with explicit symbols, rules and structures, then manipulates those representations with logic, search or planning procedures. Classical AI & Machine Learning Search Algorithms in Artificial Intelligence AI search algorithms explore possible states or actions in order to find paths, plans or solutions. Classical examples include breadth-first search, depth-first search and A*. Classical AI & Machine Learning Heuristics and Problem Solving A heuristic is an estimate or rule used to guide search toward promising states without exhaustively checking every alternative.

Reference guide and primary sources

Wikipedia is used here as a terminology and history reference guide. Current model versions, institutional statistics and product-specific claims are also linked to first-party or institutional sources because those details can change faster than encyclopedia articles.

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